Mathematical operators

We’ve explored writing and running a program that does a calculation.

Now, let’s look at the list of operators below used to perform mathematical operations.

or                         logical OR

and                      logical AND

not                       logical NOT

< <= > >=          comparison operators

== !=                    equality operators

is                          object identity test

in                          object membership test

|  ^                       binary OR, XOR

&                           binary AND

<<  >>                 binary shift

- +                        subtract, add

*  / // %             multiply, divide, integer-divide, modulo

@                          matrix multiplication (3.5)

~ **                     complement, exponentiation

await                    await expression (3.5)

Note that:

• The operators are listed in reverse order of precedence (‘or’ is the lowest precedence)
• The difference between / and // is best shown as an example:
  • x = 2
  • y = x/3 gives 0.666666666667
  • y = x//3 gives 0
• Await is used with coroutines and becomes a keyword in 3.7, along with async. Both were introduced at 3.5 and require the asyncio module. This module is current provisional and may include changes that are not backward compatible.
• The @ operator (matmul) is intended for matrix multiplication and has the same precedence as multiplication. No built-in types currently support this operator; it is intended for third-party modules.

In the next video, Sarah will show you how to write a short programme that requires some external input and certain calculations to produce an output.