Hello there. In this lesson, we'll talk about the fundamental web terminology. So, let's start. The first one is URL. URL is short for Uniform Resource Locator. It's the given name to the address used to access the resources on the site. For example, cloudacademy.com is a URL. Next one is HTML. HTML is short for Hypertext Markup Language. HTML is a markup language, not a programming language. HTML becomes the websites we see and use by browsers. It's used with web technologies such as CSS, JavaScript, PHP, asp.net, together with HTML to create more interactive and useful sites. It's one of the basics that must be learned to make a website. Next one is HTTP. HTTP is short for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It's a protocol that shows the user how and in what way the information is transferred from the server to the user in the Internet environment. Information on the Internet is written in red in HTML format regardless of the system it's used in. Next one is SSL. SSL is short for Secure Sockets Layer.

It ensures that the communication between two computers with data is transmitted securely over an encrypted channel. The data is encrypted on the sender side and only decrypted on the correct receiver side. SSL certificates are used to ensure the security of the data, that is, they ensure that the information you send from your computer to the site is delivered securely, but it does not ensure the security of the written code or the website. Next one is HTTPS. HTTPS is short for Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP. It's the SSL encrypted version of the HTTP protocol. The HTTPS protocol is used in cases that require security such as credit card payment transactions. Next one is Domain. Domain has a unique name that represents a website. Each website has its own unique domain name and has extensions such as .com, .org. For example, this course is available on cloudacademy.com domain.

At the same time, each domain corresponds to an IP address. But since IPs are difficult to memorize, their domains are used to enter sites. Next one is Sub-domain. These are domain names that can work depending on the main domain. Each sub domain is treated as a separate site by Google. For example, you have a corporate site called example.com and you want to start a blog. In this case, you can access your blog site with blog.example.com by creating a sub domain called blog. Next one is WWW. WWW is short for World Wide Web. It's used as the basic sub domain in the URL structure. It doesn't make sense on its own. But when used with a domain, it represents a unique site. Next one is Server. Simply put, they're network environments that host websites and transmit data on the site to users. There are varieties such as shared hosting, reseller, and dedicated server, virtual server. Next one is Hosting. It is also named as shared hosting. It's the service that provides the hosting of the website so that the Internet users can access it. It's the name given to the server when more than one website is hosted on a server. Next one is dedicated server. It's a web server serving only one client.

Unlike normal hosting, it does not host hundreds of separate clients or sites. Next one is Virtual Server. It's called obtaining more than one server by dividing the resources with virtualization software of a normal physical server. Each created virtual server runs on the same hardware independently of each other. The difference from hosting is that it offers more control to its customers. The difference from dedicated server is that it's cheaper and the amount of processor and RAM can be easily changed according to the need. The next one is Reseller. Although they do not have their own servers, the companies that provide services by marketing the server services they receive from someone else are called reseller. Although they do not have their own server or data center, there are less authorized resellers who buy bulk hosting packages and sell them, as well as companies that sell reseller with very wide authority on the server. Next one is Linux web server. It's also called Linux server. It works with open source and open-source Linux operating system. It's a web server that can host different Linux supported software packages according to need.

The most preferred operating systems as operating systems and Linux services. CentOS is Debian. Ubuntu Server. Linux operating systems are generally open source and available for free. The next one is Windows Server. It's the server where the Windows Server software developed for servers is installed. Windows Server operating system, unlike the Linux operating system is not open source, developed by Microsoft and is paid. Next one is SEO. SEO is used as an abbreviation for Search Engine Optimization. It's the name given to the work done to make the website suitable for the search engines so that they can understand the websites correctly when they crawl. The next one is SEF link. SEF Link is short for Search Engine Friendly link. SEF Link is when the URL is made up of meaningful phrases instead of meaningless phrases. When creating the SEF Link, it should also be noted that the text in the title tag of the page and the content of the page are compatible with the link. Next one is Backlink. Backlink is the name given to the reference link given to your site from different websites.

Backlinks may affect the popularity of your site in a positive or negative way. Or in some cases, may not have any effect at all. Backlinks play an important role in SEO work because the reference of other sites to your site will be interpreted by search engines as important resource and popular and will bring you up in the search results. Next one is Homepage. The homepage is usually the first landing page of a website. For example, when you type a site name such as cloudacademy.com into your browser, the first page that opens is usually the homepage. Next one is Landing Page. Landing pages especially created landing page for users who click on the site. It's specially designed for purposes such as promotion, marketing, and advertising. The difference of the landing page from the main page is that it is a special page where the customer is directed when clicking on the links and advertisements, published or created on the Internet or social media. Next one is Layout. Layout is the term used for theme structure in sites where template engine is used, or sites built with MVC structure. Layout generally contains top menu, header, menu, breadcrumb, sidebar and footer. Next one is Top Menu. Top menu is the section at the top of the website which is usually a thin structure and above the header section, where the contact information is located or the links necessary to redirect to the homepage. Next one is Header.

The area at the top of the website is called the header. If you're using a ready-made theme from the Internet, the area that the theme calls header maybe wider or narrower but it's generally called the area that includes the navigation or menu at the top of the site. Next one is Navigation Menu. The menu is the list that contains the links to the internal or external links that can be found on the right or left side of the website, usually inside the header area. The next one is Breadcrumb. It has nothing to do with bread, but it's named after the Hansel and Gretel story in order to show which category the current page is under. It has a structure such as homepage, articles, website. It's usually found on all pages except the homepage and is located at the bottom of the header. Next one is Slider. It's a promotional area consisting of content such as pictures, texts, or videos that rotate in a certain period. It's mostly used in the lower part of the header on the main page. Except for the main page, internal pages can be used just below the header or in different places. Next one is Banner.

Banner is the name given to the areas where images or GIFs are used, which are generally used horizontally or vertically for advertising or promotion within the site. Next one is HTML Tag. It's the name given to the tags used to write HTML, for example  head, title, div, p, img, h1, h2. T Next one is iFrame. iFrame is an HTML tag that allows a different website to be displayed on any page of your website without the need to redirect the user to other sites. The next one is meta tag. Meta tag can be thought of as the tag of the website, because meta tags are called tags that contain information about the web page. Meta tags can provide a lot of information, such as page description, author, copyright information. It's not mandatory to provide this information. However, it should definitely be used so that search engines can better understand the site and present the right content to users. Next one is favicon. When you open a site in your browser, the logo, image, or gif that appears in the header of the browser or in the middle of the tab is called favicon. Although a logo-like image is generally used, it can be used as a favicon and gifs. Next one is alt attribute.

The alt attribute is the HTML attribute used in html and XHTML documents to specify alternative text, alt text that is to be rendered when the element to which it is applied cannot be rendered. Next one is CSS-style sheets. Style sheets are code that developers use to determine what kind of web page should be presented to the end user. It formats the look of your website and sets general styles for fonts, colors, images, menus, etc. Next one is property. Property is a CSS term. It has properties in CSS like tags that belong to HTML. For example, margin, padding, float, background, border, are some of the most used. Next one is HTML DOM. DOM is short for Document Object Model. In their most understandable and simple form, they are objects that contain HTML tags. Tags such as head, body, div, H1, in the HTML page are DOM objects. Next one is JavaScript. JavaScript is a scripting language used on websites to increase interaction with users and add mobility to the site.

Operations with JavaScript run in the user's browser and are performed without creating a load on the server side. With the developing technology, JavaScript is now used in many areas. It can work on the server side with node.JS or mobile applications can be developed with React, a JavaScript library. Next one is AJAX. AJAX is short for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is used to create dynamic web applications without having to reload the page. AJAX reduces the load of the server as only necessary information and processing is done on the server side. Next one is form. It's a section that allows users to enter their information for the transaction to be made on the site. Fields such as name, surname, message on the contact pages, and which can be filled by users are an example of this. Next one is post. It's one of the ways that the form on the site is sent to the server side after filling out. In case of sending with post, the data sent in the URL is not visible. So, it's one of the simple solutions for security. Another use of post is that each article published on blogs and similar sites is also called Post. Next one is GET.

It's another method used after post to send the form on the site to the server after filling out. In case of sending information to the server with the GET method, the information sent in the URL appears. Next one is responsive design. It can be explained as the design to fit the screen and be usable in accordance with the resolution of the device on which the website is opened. In general, responsively developed themes are shaped according to the screen size, ensuring that they are in the most useful form for the user. Next one is static page. Pages that have fixed data in the website and that do not change at all, and that can only display the same data on each visit of the user are called static pages. Static pages are generally written using only HTML and are not supported by web programming tools such as PHP, ASP.net. Next one is dynamic page. Pages that can display different data each time the user visits the page or in different periods are called dynamic pages. It's generally developed by supporting one of the web programming languages. Next one is UX.

UX is short for user experience. It's commonly used with short name. It can be explained as the interaction of the user with the interface. User experience is very important in website or web application development processes. Next one is UI. It's the name given to the interactive area created by the combination of elements such as graphics, pictures, text, and buttons that enable the developed program or applications to be used by users in a better and simpler way. Today, almost everything from mobile applications to websites has its own interface. Next one is user friendly. It's the name given to the user's ability to use the application or site, they use easily and fluently. The designs that are created as a result of creating easy to understand and useful designs for users by making UI and UX studies are called User-Friendly. For example, most mobile users use their phones with their right hand. The fact that users can use the interface with one right hand in the designs made is an example of user friendly for that design. The next one is AMP. It stands for Accelerated Mobile Pages. Developed by Google, AMP is a framework that makes websites run much faster on mobile devices.

Google has recently prioritized AMP enhanced pages for mobile searches. For this reason, it is important to use an AMP supported website in order to rank first in search results. Next one is browser. It's the name of the program that users use to browse the Internet. It's used to interpret the HTML of websites and display visual graphical interfaces to users. Examples include Google Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, and Internet Explorer. Next one is cookie. They are files that are sent to users browsers by a website and that enable the user to be recognized when they enter the same site again. Cookies can be used to recognize you when you want to log into sites and to track how often you visit the site. 

Since cookies are files that can cause security vulnerabilities, attention should be paid to the information stored in them. Next one is cache. Cache is the temporary storage of a transaction under certain conditions and accessing it from the location where it's stored instead of repeating the same operation when needed. Cache is not just a service that belongs to the internet environment. Nowadays, you can see explanations about caching in many areas or hardware. In the Internet environment, it's used to store the transactions made in general on the server or user side under certain conditions and to be accessed through this cache when needed.

When correct and appropriate use is performed, operations performed using cache take less time than operations without cache. The next one is What You See Is What You Get. It's a text editor commonly used by users to enter content on websites. It allows the content to be shared on the site by the user to be visually changed without any action with the code. Among the most known and used editors are editors such as CK Editor and Tiny MCE. Next one is Permalink. Permalink is short for permanent link, usually used only on blogs. A Permalink is the permanent web address of a particular blog post. Because most blogs have ever-changing content, permalink allows readers to bookmark or link to specific posts even after leaving the homepage or main category page.

The next one is anchor. An anchor is an HTML tag that identifies a link to a text or an image on the same page or to another specific location. An anchor can be used in two ways: by using the href attribute to create a link to another page, by using the name attribute to create a bookmark within a page. Next one is 301 Redirect. It's a permanent redirect from one URL to another, usually from your old website to the new website. 301 Redirects are also used to redirect traffic from old web pages to new replacement pages. Next one is 404. The page a user sees when they try to access a page on your website that doesn't exist. This error is usually encountered when trying to access a deleted page. On this page, the user is informed about what to do. So, that's it. Hope to see you in the next lesson. Have a nice day.